Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract This study evaluated factors associated with hospitalization related to the mental health of people undergoing follow-up in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS, in Portuguese) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, referred from Primary Health Care (PHC). This was an evaluative study conducted with 297 individuals in 24 adult CAPS. This study analyzed the prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), obtained through Poisson Regression with robust variance. A statistically significant association was found with hospitalization during follow-ups in CAPS: having health insurance and/or medical plan; waiting time between the diagnosis and the first consultation with a non-medical professional of more than seven days; not having received medical advice regarding how long to use medication; not having received a psychopharmaceutical prescription at PHC; and having a medical history of the hospitalization due to mental health. The results warn of the need to expand access to the more socially vulnerable population, in addition to a restructuring of the services in order to provide more interactive and inclusive practices geared toward the singularities of the users.

Resumo Avaliaram-se os fatores associados à internação relacionadas à saúde mental de pessoas em acompanhamento nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) do município de São Paulo, encaminhadas pela atenção primária (APS). Pesquisa avaliativa com 297 pessoas em 24 CAPS Adulto. Analisaram-se as razões de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC), obtidas por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Mostraram associação estatisticamente significativa com a internação durante o acompanhamento no CAPS: ter plano de saúde/convênio médico; tempo de espera entre diagnóstico e primeiro atendimento com profissional não médico maior que sete dias; não ter sido orientado sobre o tempo de uso da medicação; não receber prescrição de psicofármaco na APS; e ter histórico de ocorrência de internação por saúde mental. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de ampliação do acesso à população com maior vulnerabilidade social, além de uma reestruturação dos serviços para a oferta de prática mais articuladas e inclusivas, voltadas às singularidades dos usuários.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024292.19932022

Estimativa de frentes de carbonatação baseada em análises estatísticas: aplicando modelo europeu em território brasileiro
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Campos Neto, Tiago Ferreira

; Cascudo, Oswaldo

; Oliveira, Andrielli Morais de

Ambiente Construído

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Jul 2023, Volume 23 Nº 3 Páginas 167 - 185

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of the carbonation front prediction model recommended by CEB Bulletin 34 (2006) in Brazilian territory. For this, data from concrete mixtures produced in laboratory and exposed to natural carbonation for 10 years were used as benchmarks. Time of exposure, water/binder ration, different types of mineral admixtures and curing were considered as independent variables, while carbonation depth and coefficient as dependent ones. Analysis of variance and linear regression were performed between the actual and estimated data in order to establish criteria that allowed verifying the applicability of the model. It was considered the environmental and climatic conditions of the city of Goiânia/GO located in the tropical zone of Brazil Central with a hot semi-humid climate. As a result, based on the correlation and determination coefficients - equal to 0.83 and 0.68 respectively - it is concluded that the model needs to be revised before being applied in Brazil. More specifically, the inverse effective normal carbonation resistance factor, which associates the water/binder ration and the type of mineral admixture, should be readjusted so that it represents the effects in orders of magnitude similar to the real ones.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade do modelo de predição de frentes de carbonatação preconizado pelo CEB Bulletin 34 (2006) em território brasileiro. Para isso, dados de concretos produzidos em laboratório e expostos à carbonatação natural por 10 anos foram utilizados como balizadores. Tempo de exposição, relação água/ligante, adição mineral e cura foram consideradas variáveis independentes, ao passo que a profundidade e o coeficiente de carbonatação como dependentes. Foram realizadas análises de variância e regressão linear entre os dados reais e os estimados, de maneira a estabelecer critériosque permitiram constatar a aplicabilidade do modelo. Consideraram-se condições ambientais e climáticas da cidade de Goiânia, GO, localizada na zona tropical Brasil Central, com clima quente semiúmido. Como resultado, com base nos coeficientes de correlação e determinação - iguais a 0,83 e 0,68 respectivamente - conclui-se que o modelo precisa ser revisto antes de ser aplicado no Brasil. Mais especificamente, o fator de resistência inversa efetiva à carbonatação natural, que associa a relaçãoágua/ligante e o tipo de adição, deve ser reajustado de maneira que represente os efeitos em ordem de grandeza semelhantes às reais.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212023000300681

Leptospira interrogans insoluble fraction as a potential antigen source for lateral flow immunochromatography
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Campos, Hevandro de Souza

; Silva, Edimilson Domingos da

; Lima, Gerson Silva de

; Resende, Rafael de Oliveira

; Burth, Patricia

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e220265

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis that affects humans and animals. Immunochromatography rapid test is widely used for early diagnosis of leptospirosis, but with low sensitivity and specificity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate Leptospira interrogans insoluble fraction as a potential antigen source for lateral flow immunochromatography. METHODS Insoluble fraction derived from the crude bacterial extract was obtained by serial centrifugation. The polypeptide profile was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immune reactivity of this fraction was assessed by Western Blotting and lateral flow immunochromatography (LFI). It was tested 160 microagglutination test (MAT)-positive sera from patients in the acute phase, 100 MAT-negative sera from patients with acute febrile illness, and 45 patients with other infectious diseases. FINDINGS There was a predominance of low molecular mass-polypeptide bands, ranging from 2 to 37 kDa. The antibody reactivity of theses polypeptides was found to range from 13-50%, especially between 10 and 38 kDa. Among MAT-positive sera of patients with leptospirosis in the acute phase, 97% were also positive in LFI, indicating high sensitivity. Among MAT-negative sera, all were negative in LFI, indicating high specificity. Only 2% of cross-reactivity was detected. CONCLUSION The insoluble fraction can be a valuable antigen source for development of point-of-care diagnosis test for leptospirosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220265

First report of Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis in South American territory and confirmation of Leishbunyavirus infecting this parasite in a mare
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Mendes Junior, Artur Augusto Velho

; Filgueira, Camila Patrício Braga

; Miranda, Luciana de Freitas Campos

; de Almeida, Adilson Benedito

; Cantanhêde, Lilian Motta

; Fagundes, Aline

; Pereira, Sandro Antônio

; Menezes, Rodrigo Caldas

; Cupolillo, Elisa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e220220

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Epidemiological data related to leishmaniases or Leishmania infection in horses are scarce. However, studies carried out in different regions in the world showed equids parasitised by Leishmania braziliensis, L. infantum and L. martiniquensis. OBJECTIVES Identify the Leishmania species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a mare, living in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), and search the presence of Leishmania viruses in the isolated parasite. METHODS Isoenzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ITSrDNA region followed by sequencing were conducted for typing the isolated parasite. A search for Leishmania virus infection was also performed. FINDINGS The mare presented skin nodules and ulcers in the left pinna caused by Leishmania spp. that was detected by culture and PCR. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis, infected by Leishbunyavirus (LBV), representing the first description of this species in South America. The animal travelled to different Brazilian regions, but not to outside the country. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The worldwide distribution of L. martiniquensis and its infection by LBV were confirmed in this study, indicating the autochthonous transmission cycle in Brazil. The clinical profile of the disease in the mare, showing fast spontaneous healing of cutaneous lesions, may indicate that skin lesions related to L. martiniquensis infection in horses might be underdiagnosed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220220

Chikungunya virus infection in the southernmost state of Brazil was characterised by self-limited transmission (2017-2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak
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Gregianini, Tatiana Schäffer

; Salvato, Richard Steiner

; Barcellos, Regina Bones

; Godinho, Fernanda Marques

; Ruivo, Amanda Pellenz

; de Melo, Viviane Horn

; Schroder, Júlio Augusto

; Martiny, Fernanda Letícia

; Möllmann, Erica Bortoli

; Favreto, Cátia

; Baethgen, Ludmila Fiorenzano

; Ferreira, Vithoria Pompermaier

; de Lima, Lívia Eidt

; Piazza, Cláudia Fasolo

; Machado, Taís Raquel Marcon

; Becker, Irina Marieta

; Ramos, Raquel Rocha

; Frölich, Guilherme Carey

; Rossetti, Alana Fraga

; Almeida, Lucas da Cunha

; Rodrigues, Tahiana Machado Antunes

; Bragança, Isabella Tabelli

; Campos, Aline Alves Scarpellini

; Manzoni, Verônica Baú

; Machado, Lais Ceschini

; da Silva, Luisa Maria Inácio

; de Oliveira, André Luiz Sá

; Paiva, Marcelo Henrique Santos

; Nunes, Zenaida Marion Alves

; de Almeida, Paula Rodrigues

; Demoliner, Meriane

; Gularte, Juliana Schons

; da Silva, Mariana Soares

; Filippi, Micheli

; Pereira, Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes

; Spilki, Fernando Rosado

; da Veiga, Ana Beatriz Gorini

; Wallau, Gabriel Luz

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e220259

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas since 2014. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean (AC) and East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2016. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterise the Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) burden in RS between 2017-2021. FINDINGS We detected an increasing CHIKF burden linked to travel associated introductions and communitary transmission of distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype during this period. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220259

Long COVID-19 syndrome associated with Omicron XBB.1.5 infection: a case report
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Espíndola, Otávio

; Resende, Paola C

; Guaraldo, Lusiele

; Calvet, Guilherme Amaral

; Fuller, Trevon L

; Penetra, Stephanie Lema Suarez

; Santos, Heloisa Ferreira Pinto

; Pina-Costa, Anielle

; da Silva, Michele Fernanda Borges

; Moraes, Isabella Campos Vargas

; Medeiros, Fernando

; Whitworth, Jimmy

; Smith, Christopher

; Nielsen-Saines, Karin

; Siqueira, Marilda M

; Brasil, Patrícia

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e230069

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND There is interest in lingering non-specific symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, referred to as Long coronavirus disease 2019 (Long COVID-19). It remains unknown whether the risk of Long COVID-19 is associated with pre-existing comorbidities or initial COVID-19 severity, including infections due to new Omicron lineages which predominated in 2023. OBJECTIVES The aim of this case report was to characterize the clinical features of acute XBB.1.5 infection followed by Long COVID-19. METHODS We followed a 73-year old female resident of Rio de Janeiro with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during acute infection and subsequent months. The SARS-CoV-2 lineage was determined by genome sequencing. FINDINGS The participant denied comorbidities and had completed a two-dose vaccination schedule followed by two booster doses eight months prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Primary infection by viral lineage XBB.1.5. was clinically mild, but the participant subsequently reported persistent fatigue. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrates that Long COVID-19 may develop even after mild disease due to SARS-CoV-2 in fully vaccinated and boosted individuals without comorbidities. Continued monitoring of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages and associated clinical outcomes is warranted. Measures to prevent infection should continue to be implemented including development of new vaccines and antivirals effective against novel variants.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230069

Volviéndonos mejores: necesidad de acción inmediata ante el reto de la obesidad. Una postura de profesionales de la salud
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Barquera, Simón

; Véjar-Rentería, Lesly Samara

; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos

; Garibay-Nieto, Nayely

; García-García, Eduardo

; Bonvecchio, Anabelle

; Perichart, Otilia

; Torres-Tamayo, Margarita

; Esquivias-Zavala, Héctor

; Villalpando-Carrión, Salvador

; García-Méndez, Rosalba Carolina

; Apolinar-Jiménez, Evelia

; Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha

; Martínez-Montañez, Olga Georgina

; Fajardo Niquete, Ileana

; Aguirre-Crespo, Alejandra

; Gómez-Álvarez, Enrique

; Hernández-Jiménez, Sergio C.

; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar

; Batis, Carolina

; Elías-López, Daniel

; Palos-Lucio, Ana Gabriela

; Vásquez-Garibay, Edgar M.

; Romero-Velarde, Enrique

; Ortiz-Rodríguez, María Araceli

; Almendra-Pegueros, Rafael

; Contreras, Alejandra

; Nieto, Claudia

; Hernández-Cordero, Sonia

; Munguía, Ana

; Rojas-Russell, Mario

; Sánchez-Escobedo, Samantha

; Delgado-Amézquita, Elvia

; Aranda-González, Irma

; Cruz-Casarrubias, Carlos

; Campos-Nonato, Ismael

; García-Espino, Fátima

; Martínez-Vázquez, Sophia

; Arellano-Gómez, Laura P.

; Caballero-Cantú, Idalia

; Hunot-Alexander, Claudia

; Valero-Morales, Isabel

; González-González, Lorena

; Ríos-Cortázar, Víctor

; Medina-García, Catalina

; Argumedo, Gabriela

; Calleja-Enríquez, Carmen Rosa

; Robles-Macías, Edna

; Nava-González, Edna J.

; Lara-Riegos, Julio

; Sánchez-Plascencia, Ana K.

; Hernández-Fernández, Mauricio

; Rodríguez-Núñez, Jose Luis

; Rangel-Quillo, Sarai

; Cancino-Marentes, Martha Edith

; Hernández-Viana, Mónica J.

; Saldivar-Frausto, Mariana

; Álvarez-Ramírez, Miriam

; Sandoval-Salazar, Cuauhtémoc

; Silva-Tinoco, Rubén Oswaldo

; Moreno-Villanueva, Mildred

; Villarreal-Arce, María Elena

; Barriguete, J. Armando

; White, Mariel

; Jauregui, Alejandra

; Tolentino-Mayo, Lizbeth

; López-Ridaura, Ruy

; Rivera-Dommarco, Juan

Salud Pública de México

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Abr 2022, Volume 64 Nº 2 Páginas 225 - 229

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: In recent decades, the growing obesity epidemic in Mexico has become one of the most important public health challenges faced by the country. With support from the World Obesity Federation, we formed a working group in 2021 to identify and summarize priority actions that Mexico can take to face this epidemic. More than 1 000 health professionals joined the development and discussion process. Recommendations from previously published, high-level documents and guidelines were taken into account. In commemoration of World Obesity Day 2022, this statement is presented as input for health care professionals to develop actions to address obesity. The statement includes 10 recommendations that include population-level and individual-level actions. It emphasizes the importance of social participation, comprehensive interventions with a person- centered perspective, planetary sustainability, on improving education and communication campaigns, as well as fostering a built environment that promotes active living, and shielding prevention and control efforts from conflicts of interest. The statement calls for obesity to be treated seriously, based on scientific evidence, in a timely and comprehensive manner, employing a life-course and ethical approach that does not perpetuate weight stigma in society.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.21149/13679

Intervención multidisciplinaria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en comunidades rurales: un estudio piloto
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García-Flores, Raquel

; Campos-Rivera, Nora Hemi

; Sotelo-Quiñonez, Teresa Iveth

; Acosta-Quiroz, Christian Oswaldo

Horizonte sanitario

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Abr 2022, Volume 21 Nº 1 Páginas 43 - 50

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from rural communities. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients (15 women and 11 men) with DM2 from two rural communities in northwestern Mexico participated. The average age was 60 years. The Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory and Inventario de Calidad de Vida y Salud were applied, in addition to fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin before and after the intervention. Results: Statistically significant pretest-postest changes were detected in depression and anxiety (p=.006 y p=.002 respectively). by Student's t for related samples and the size of the median and large effect by Cohen's d in the psychological variables. In fasting blood glucose changes were detected between the first and last sessions. However in glycosylated hemoglobin only 6 patients decreased their levels. Conclusions: Future studies involving community members to support the behavioral change of patients with DM2 are proposed.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de una intervención multidisciplinaria, para mejorar la adhesión al tratamiento en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) de comunidades rurales. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron 26 pacientes (15 mujeres) con DM2 (M edad = 60 DT = 12) de dos comunidades rurales del noroeste de México. Se aplicaron los inventarios de Depresión y Ansiedad de Beck y el Inventario de Calidad de Vida y Salud. Se midió la glucosa en el ayuno y la hemoglobina glicosilada antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: La intervención mostró una disminución en depresión y ansiedad, así como una mejor calidad de vida. También se detectó una disminución de la glucosa en ayuno. Se calculó la prueba t de Student para examinar las diferencias en las variables señaladas tomadas en dos momentos, antes de iniciar el programa y al finalizar el programa. Se observaron menores niveles de sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad y mayores niveles de calidad de vida al finalizar el programa. Además, el nivel de glucosa en sangre descendió de manera significativa. Conclusiones: Se analizaron las implicaciones de intervenciones de este tipo en comunidades rurales, detectándose la necesidad de implementar políticas públicas que permitan mejorar condiciones en población vulnerable.

https://doi.org/10.19136/hs.a21n1.3928

Prevenção e controle da febre amarela: avaliação de ações de vigilância em área indene no Brasil
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Gava, Caroline

; Silva, Theresa Cristina Cardoso da

; Lyra, Danielle Grillo Pacheco

; Ardisson, Karla Spandl

; Marques, Clemilda Soares

; Almada, Gilton Luiz

; Corrêa, Luana Morati Campos

; Siqueira, Priscila Carminati

; Rodrigues, Gilsa Aparecida Pimenta

; Moura, Lenildo de

; Cruz, Oswaldo Gonçalves

; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia

; Camacho, Luiz Antonio Bastos

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 38 Nº 1 elocation e00000521

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

A partir da reemergência da febre amarela em 2014/2015, o Brasil registrou nos anos sequentes sua maior epidemia de febre amarela das últimas décadas, atingindo principalmente a região sudeste. A febre amarela, doença viral hemorrágica, é causada por um flavivírus, transmitido por mosquitos silvestres (Haemagogus; Sabethes). Na ocorrência do ciclo urbano, erradicado no Brasil desde 1942, a transmissão se dá pelo Aedes aegypti. Primatas não humanos são os principais hospedeiros do vírus e constituem “sentinelas” na vigilância da febre amarela. Este artigo descreve as ações de controle e prevenção desencadeadas durante a epidemia de febre amarela no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, e a implementação da vacinação por meio de um estudo ecológico com abordagem espacial. O estudo evidenciou a falha na detecção de epizootias em primatas não humanos pelos serviços de vigilância do Espírito Santo, sendo simultânea à detecção em humanos. Apresentou a evolução das ações de vacinação, com alcance de 85% de cobertura vacinal geral para o estado em seis meses, sendo heterogênea entre os municípios (de 59% a 122%). Destaca-se que 55% dos municípios com ações de imunização em tempo oportuno, considerando o intervalo adotado para este estudo, não apresentaram casos em humanos. A intensificação das ações de vigilância, interlocução entre as áreas e equipes multidisciplinares na condução da epidemia otimizou a detecção e o diagnóstico dos casos em humanos e viabilizou o controle da epidemia. Foi possível reconhecer avanços, apontar algumas medidas tardias e lacunas na vigilância que necessitam melhorias.

Following the reemergence of yellow fever in 2014/2015, Brazil recorded its largest yellow fever epidemic in recent decades, mainly affecting the country’s Southeast region. Yellow fever is a hemorrhagic viral disease caused by a flavivirus transmitted by sylvatic mosquitos (Haemagogus; Sabethes). In the urban cycle, eradicated in Brazil since 1942, the virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Nonhuman primates are the principal hosts of the virus and constitute “sentinels” in yellow fever surveillance. This article describes the control and prevention activities launched during the yellow fever epidemic in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and the implementation of vaccination, through an ecological study with a spatial approach. The study revealed the lack of detection of epizootics in nonhuman primates by surveillance services in Espírito Santo, with simultaneous detection in humans. The study presented the evolution of vaccination activities, reaching 85% overall coverage for the state in six months, varying widely, from 59% to 122%, between municipalities (counties). Importantly, 55% of the municipalities with timely immunization, considering the interval adopted for this study, did not present human cases. The intensification of surveillance activities, communication between areas, and multidisciplinary teams in managing the epidemic optimized the detection and diagnosis of human cases and allowed control of the epidemic. The study identifies progress and points to some late measures and gaps in surveillance that require improvements.

A partir del resurgimiento de la fiebre amarilla en 2014/2015, Brasil registró los años siguientes su mayor epidemia de fiebre amarilla de las últimas décadas, alcanzando principalmente la región sudeste. La fiebre amarilla, enfermedad viral hemorrágica, es causada por un flavivirus, transmitido por mosquitos silvestres (Haemagogus; Sabethes). Respecto a la ocurrencia del ciclo urbano, erradicado en Brasil desde 1942, la transmisión se produce por el Aedes aegypti. Primates no humanos son los principales huéspedes del virus, y constituyen “centinelas” en la vigilancia de la fiebre amarilla. Este artículo describe las acciones de control y prevención desencadenadas durante la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en el Estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, y la implementación de la vacunación mediante un estudio ecológico con abordaje espacial. El estudio evidenció el fallo en la detección de epizootias en primates no humanos por los servicios de vigilancia de Espírito Santo, siendo simultánea a la detección en humanos. Presentó la evolución de las acciones de vacunación, con alcance de un 85% de cobertura en la vacunación general para el estado en seis meses, siendo heterogénea entre los municipios (de 59% a 122%). Se destaca que un 55% de los municipios con acciones de inmunización en tiempo oportuno, considerando el intervalo adoptado para este estudio, no presentaron casos humanos. La intensificación de las acciones de vigilancia, interlocución entre las áreas y equipos multidisciplinarios en la gestión de la epidemia optimizó la detección y diagnóstico de los casos humanos y viabilizó el control de la epidemia. Fue posible reconocer avances, apuntar algunas medidas tardías y lagunas en la vigilancia que necesitan mejorías.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00000521

10.

Prevenção e controle da febre amarela: avaliação de ações de vigilância em área indene no Brasil
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Gava, Caroline

; Silva, Theresa Cristina Cardoso da

; Lyra, Danielle Grillo Pacheco

; Ardisson, Karla Spandl

; Marques, Clemilda Soares

; Almada, Gilton Luiz

; Corrêa, Luana Morati Campos

; Siqueira, Priscila Carminati

; Rodrigues, Gilsa Aparecida Pimenta

; Moura, Lenildo de

; Cruz, Oswaldo Gonçalves

; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia

; Camacho, Luiz Antonio Bastos

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 38 Nº 1 elocation e00000521

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00000521

11.

Leishmania enriettii visceralises in the trachea, lungs, and spleen of Cavia porcellus
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Alves-Sobrinho, Ednéia Venâncio

; Pinheiro, Lucélia de Jesus

; Paranaíba, Larissa Ferreira

; Fontes, Igor Campos

; Parreiras, Patrícia Martins

; Gontijo, Nelder Figueiredo

; Tafuri, Wagner Luiz

; Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra

; Soares, Rodrigo Pedro

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220065

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leishmania (Mundinia) enriettii is a species commonly found in the guinea pig, Cavia porcellus. Although it is a dermotropic species, there is still an uncertainty regarding its ability to visceralise during Leishmania life cycle. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the ability of L. enriettii (strain L88) to visceralise in lungs, trachea, spleen, and liver of C. porcellus, its natural vertebrate host. METHODS Animals were infected sub-cutaneously in the nose and followed for 12 weeks using histological (hematoxilin-eosin) and molecular tools (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism - PCR-RFLP). To isolate parasite from C. porcellus, animals were experimentally infected for viscera removal and PCR typing targeting hsp70 gene. FINDINGS Histological analysis revealed intense and diffuse inflammation with the presence of amastigotes in the trachea, lung, and spleen up to 12 weeks post-infection (PI). Molecular analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues detected parasite DNA in the trachea and spleen between the 4th and 8th weeks PI. At the 12th PI, no parasite DNA was detected in any of the organs. To confirm that the spleen could serve as a temporary site for L. enriettii, we performed additional in vivo experiments. During 6th week PI, the parasite was isolated from the spleen confirming previous histopathological and PCR observations. MAIN CONCLUSION Leishmania enriettii (strain L88) was able to visceralise in the trachea, lung, and spleen of C. porcellus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220065

12.

Modelos preditivos de vida útil de estruturas de concreto sujeitas à iniciação da corrosão de armaduras por cloretos: contribuição ao estado da arte por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura – Parte 2
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Lopes, Rayane Campos

; Oliveira, Andrielli Morais de

; Cascudo, Oswaldo

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2022, Volume 27 Nº 2 elocation e202244823

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Vários modelos para predição de vida útil de estruturas de concreto armado simulam o ingresso de agentes agressivos, como os cloretos, geralmente baseados em leis de difusão modificadas ou em propostas de transporte de multi espécies, considerando diversos parâmetros. Sua aplicação pode aprimorar a eficiência e a otimização do projeto e da vida útil em serviço de estruturas em concreto armado. O presente artigo contempla a parte 2 de resultados de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) com o objetivo de descrever, analisar e classificar os modelos selecionados em determinísticos ou probabilísticos e em empíricos, analíticos e/ou numéricos. Como resultado, observou-se que a maioria dos modelos considerados é baseada na Segunda Lei de Fick, modificada ou não. Além disso, 72% deles são analíticos. Entre os probabilísticos, o método numérico mais utilizado foi a simulação de Monte Carlo. Adicionalmente, outras análises foram realizadas, como os métodos para o cálculo do coeficiente de difusão (D), os teores críticos (Ccr) utilizados, a forma de consideração da não saturação do concreto, fixação de cloretos, fissuras, a direção de penetração dos cloretos, entre outros. Apesar de todos os modelos serem uma simplificação da realidade, trazendo algumas ponderações e limitações, observou-se uma evolução dessas ferramentas para maiores níveis de complexidade.

ABSTRACT Several models for predicting the service life of reinforced concrete structures model the entry of aggressive agents, such as chlorides, generally based on modified diffusion laws or on multi chemical species transport models, considering different parameters. The application of these models can improve the efficiency and optimization of the design and service life of reinforced concrete structures. This article contemplates part 2 of the Systematic Literature Review (RSL) results with the aim of describing, analyzing and classifying the selected models in deterministic or probabilistic and in empirical, analytical and/or numerical models. As a result, it was observed that most of the models considered are based on Fick’s Second Law, modified or not modified. In addition, 72% of the models are analytical. Among the probabilistic models, the most used numerical method was the Monte Carlo simulation. Besides that, supplementary analyzes were made, such as the methods for calculating the diffusion coefficient (D), the critical contents (Ccr) used, the consideration of the non-saturation of the concrete by the models, chloride binding, cracks, the direction of penetration of the chlorides, among others. Although all models are a simplification of reality, attached some considerations and limitations, there was an evolution of predictive models to higher levels of complexity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2022-44823

13.

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Lopes, Rayane Campos

; Oliveira, Andrielli Morais de

; Cascudo, Oswaldo

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2022, Volume 27 Nº 2 elocation e202244821

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A modelagem da penetração de agentes agressivos no concreto pode melhorar a qualidade de projetos e concorrer para uma especificação otimizada de concretos, contribuindo assim com a previsibilidade comportamental da estrutura, aspecto este muito importante para assegurar condições de serviço adequadas durante o uso, operação e manutenção das estruturas de concreto. Contribuir para o cumprimento de vida útil, minimizando custos de manutenção e riscos aos usuários, é papel desse tipo de estudo, que colabora com a concepção de estruturas duráveis, baseada em desempenho, voltando-se ao controle da corrosão da armadura induzida por cloretos. São diversos os modelos preditivos de vida útil existentes em escala mundial, porém eles se apresentam de forma difusa e heterogênea, o que dificulta sua compreensão e consequente aplicação. O presente trabalho contribui, então, com a realização uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) com o objetivo de identificar os principais modelos utilizados mundialmente, considerando uma abordagem que vai até a etapa de iniciação da corrosão induzida por cloretos. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro bases de dados, quais sejam: Engineering Village, Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science. Após exclusão em diferentes fases (título, resumo, busca dos artigos completos e leitura), permaneceram 50 publicações, nas quais foi realizado um levantamento bibliométrico com diversas informações (autores, instituições, países e palavras-chave). Observou-se que a maioria dos modelos preditivos identificados é baseada na difusão de cloretos, conforme a Segunda Lei de Fick, com ou sem modificações pela solução de Crank. Os modelos preditivos mais citados foram a Segunda Lei de Fick e o Life-365, como forma de prever o tempo de início de corrosão e, consequentemente, a vida útil das estruturas de concreto.

ABSTRACT Modeling the penetration of aggressive agents in concrete can improve the quality of projects and contribute to an optimized specification of concrete, thus contributing to the behavioral predictability of the structure, an aspect that is very important to ensure adequate service conditions during use, operation and maintenance of concrete structures. Contributing to the fulfillment of service life, minimizing maintenance costs and risks to users, is the role of this type of study, which collaborates with the design of durable structures, based on performance, focusing on the control of chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion. There are several predictive models of service life on a world scale, but they are presented in a diffuse and heterogeneous way, which makes their understanding and consequent application difficult. The present work contributes, then, by carrying out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the objective of identifying the main models used worldwide, considering an approach that goes up to the step of initiation of chloride-induced corrosion. The research was carried out in four databases, namely: Engineering Village, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. After exclusion at different stages (title, abstract, search for complete articles and reading), 50 publications remained, in which a bibliometric survey was carried out with different information (authors, institutions, countries and keywords). It was observed that most of the predictive models identified are based on chloride diffusion, according to Fick’s Second Law, with or without modifications by Crank’s solution. The most cited predictive models were Fick’s Second Law and Life-365, as a way of predicting the time to initiate the corrosion and, consequently, the service life of concrete structures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2022-44821

14.

First report of Leishmania RNA virus 1 in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis clinical isolates from Rio de Janeiro State - Brazil
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Zabala-Peñafiel, Anabel

; Fantinatti, Maria

; Dias-Lopes, Geovane

; da Silva, Jéssica Leite

; Miranda, Luciana de Freitas Campos

; Lyra, Marcelo Rosandiski

; Pimentel, Maria Inês Fernandes

; Conceição-Silva, Fátima

; Alves, Carlos Roberto

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e210107

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leishmania parasites carry a double-stranded RNA virus (Leishmania RNA virus - LRV) that has been divided in LRV1 and LRV2. OBJECTIVES Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis clinical isolates were assessed in order to determine LRV presence. METHODS Two-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR and nested PCR) was performed to detect LRV1 or LRV2 in L. (V.) braziliensis clinical isolates (n = 12). FINDINGS LRV1 was detected in three clinical isolates which was phylogenetically related to other sequences reported from other American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) endemic areas of Brazil. Patients infected with L. (V.) braziliensis LRV-negative showed only cutaneous lesions while LRV-positive reported different manifestations. MAIN CONCLUSION Data presented here show for the first time that LRV1 is circulating in L. (V.) braziliensis clinical isolates from Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760210107

15.

Fast surveillance response reveals the introduction of a new yellow fever virus sub-lineage in 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Andrade, Miguel Souza

; Campos, Fabrício Souza

; Oliveira, Cirilo Henrique de

; Oliveira, Ramon Silva

; Campos, Aline Alves Scarpellini

; Almeida, Marco Antônio Barreto de

; Fonseca, Vagner de Souza

; Simonini-Teixeira, Danilo

; Sevá, Anaiá da Paixão

; Temponi, Andrea Oliveira Dias

; Magalhães, Fernando Maria

; Chaves, Danielle Costa Capistrano

; Pereira, Maira Alves

; Lamounier, Ludmila Oliveira

; Menezes, Givaldo Gomes de

; Aquino-Teixeira, Sandy Micaele

; Gonçalves-dos-Santos, Maria Eduarda

; Bernal-Valle, Sofía

; Müller, Nicolas Felipe Drumm

; Cardoso, Jader da Cruz

; Santos, Edmilson dos

; Mares-Guia, Maria Angélica

; Albuquerque, George Rêgo

; Romano, Alessandro Pecego Martins

; Franco, Ana Cláudia

; Ribeiro, Bergmann Morais

; Roehe, Paulo Michel

; Abreu, Filipe Vieira Santos de

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220127

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220127

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